Armenia–Azerbaijan

1988–2023 Caucasus Status: ended Casualties: ~40,000+ cumulative

Forty-year dispute over Nagorno-Karabakh. Azerbaijan's 44-day war in 2020 recaptured most of the territory; a lightning offensive in September 2023 forced the complete dissolution of the Artsakh republic.

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Belligerents

Armenia
Azerbaijan (Turkish/Israeli support)
Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh)

Casualties

~40,000+ cumulative

From World at War, an interactive atlas by Jairus Pereira. Figures are approximate, drawn from Wikipedia, UCDP, ACLED and academic sources — a design artefact, not an authoritative register. Contact.