Egyptian–Hyksos Wars

1650–1550 BC North Africa / Levant Status: ended Casualties: Unknown

The Hyksos, a Canaanite people, occupied Lower Egypt from ~1650 BC. Pharaoh Ahmose I drove them out around 1550 BC, reunifying Egypt and opening the New Kingdom era.

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Belligerents

Egypt (17th–18th Dynasty)
Hyksos Kingdom

Casualties

Unknown

Key events

c. 1650 BC — Hyksos seize Lower Egypt
c. 1550 BC — Ahmose I sacks Avaris and reunifies Egypt

Aftermath

Founded the New Kingdom — Egypt's most expansionist era. Egypt absorbed Hyksos military technology and projected power into the Levant for the first time, creating the conditions for the Egyptian–Hittite contest.

Weapons & matériel

Composite bow (introduced by Hyksos)
Bronze khopesh sickle-sword
Horse-drawn chariot (introduced by Hyksos)
Scale armour
Bronze daggers

Forces

Egyptian forces under Ahmose I — tens of thousands

Technology

Hyksos brought horse, chariot, and composite bow to Egypt — transformed Egyptian warfare for millennia

Sources

Autobiography of Ahmose son of Ebana
Manetho
Rhind Mathematical Papyrus

From World at War, an interactive atlas by Jairus Pereira. Figures are approximate, drawn from Wikipedia, UCDP, ACLED and academic sources — a design artefact, not an authoritative register. Contact.