Wars of the Roses

1455–1487 England Status: ended Casualties: ~50,000–100,000

Dynastic civil war between the two cadet branches of the House of Plantagenet. Towton (1461) was the bloodiest battle on English soil — 28,000 dead in a snowstorm. Ended at Bosworth (1485) where Richard III fell to Henry Tudor, founding the Tudor dynasty.

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Belligerents

House of Lancaster (red rose)
House of York (white rose)

Casualties

~50,000–100,000

From World at War, an interactive atlas by Jairus Pereira. Figures are approximate, drawn from Wikipedia, UCDP, ACLED and academic sources — a design artefact, not an authoritative register. Contact.