Plagues of Egypt

1446 BC Egypt Status: ended Casualties: All firstborn of Egypt; Pharaoh's chariot host drowned in the Sea

Ten plagues — blood, frogs, lice, flies, murrain, boils, hail, locusts, darkness, death of the firstborn — broke Pharaoh's hold on Israel. The pursuit ended with the Egyptian chariot army drowned at the Sea of Reeds. Exodus 7–14.

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Belligerents

Moses & Aaron (the Lord)
Pharaoh and the gods of Egypt

Casualties

All firstborn of Egypt; Pharaoh's chariot host drowned in the Sea

Key events

Moses called from the burning bush
Passover instituted — blood on the doorposts
Crossing the Sea of Reeds; Egyptian chariot wheels stuck off
Song of Moses and Miriam

Aftermath

The constitutive event of Israel — every later prophet measures the Lord by 'who brought thee out of the land of Egypt.' The Passover became the central feast and, in the Gospels, the frame for the crucifixion.

Weapons & matériel

The rod of Moses
Ten plagues — water to blood, frogs, lice, flies, murrain, boils, hail mingled with fire, locusts, darkness, death of the firstborn
The pillar of cloud and pillar of fire
The parted sea

Technology

Each plague struck a god of Egypt — Hapi, Heqet, Khepri, Hathor, Ra — culminating with Pharaoh himself, the firstborn god-on-earth

Sources

Exodus 7–14
Psalm 78, 105, 106
Wisdom of Solomon 11–19

From World at War, an interactive atlas by Jairus Pereira. Figures are approximate, drawn from Wikipedia, UCDP, ACLED and academic sources — a design artefact, not an authoritative register. Contact.