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World at War

Byzantine–Sassanid Wars

502–628 AD Middle East Status: ended Casualties: Hundreds of thousands

The last great war of antiquity. Khosrow II took Jerusalem in 614 and the True Cross; Heraclius struck back to the Persian heartland and won at Nineveh in 627. Both empires were exhausted just as the Arab armies emerged from the desert in the 630s.

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Belligerents

  • Eastern Roman Empire (Heraclius)
  • Sassanid Persia (Khosrow II)

Casualties

Hundreds of thousands

From World at War, an interactive atlas by Jairus Pereira. Figures are approximate, drawn from Wikipedia, UCDP, ACLED and academic sources — a design artefact, not an authoritative register. Contact.